Consequentialism

Consequentialism theorizes that humans reason what is morally right if the consequences of a behavior is more favorable than unfavorable; only the end result justifies the means.

Three theoretical approaches in Consequentialism exists:

1. Ethical Egotism

2. Ethical Altruism

3. Utilitarianism

Ethical Egotism describes a method of human reason when an action is judged morally right if the cost benefit analysis favors the individual. Advocates believe that human beings are innately selfish.

Ethical Alturism describes a method of human reason when an action is judged morally right if the cost benefit analysis favors everyone except the individual. Advocates believe that human beings are innately altruistic.

Utilitarianism describes a method of human reason when an action is judged morally right if the cost benefit analysis favors everyone including the individual. Advocates believe that human beings are innately selfish and altruistic.

However, there are significant problems with Consequentialism.

1. The basic assumption of human nature being inherently selfish or altruistic is unproven and cannot be empirically established.

2. Consequentialism, at its very core, can justify immoral acts; thus, for example, it can be morally right to kill, to deceive, or to steal.

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